Introduction to IT-ITeS Industry – Class 9 IT (402) | Complete Notes

Stop searching for IT–ITeS notes—you’ve just found them!

These Introduction to IT–ITeS Industry Notes are specially designed according to the latest CBSE syllabus, making them the perfect study resource for students. Every topic has been explained in a simple, pointwise, and easy-to-understand manner so that learning becomes quick and effective.

Whether you are studying this chapter Introduction to IT-ITeS Industry of Class 9 IT (402) for the first time or revising it before your exams, these notes will make learning easier, strengthen your understanding of the subject, and help you score excellent marks with confidence.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

• Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become one of the basic requirements of modern society.
• Digital devices are used in almost every field, making it difficult to imagine any event or activity without technology.
• Information Technology (IT) is one of the fastest-growing economic sectors in the world.
• IT enables the easy collection, processing, storage, and flow of information at different levels according to the required needs.
• ICT plays a vital role in improving productivity, communication, access to information, and overall quality of life.

Information Technology (IT)

• Information Technology (IT) refers to the use of technology for creating, managing, storing, processing, and exchanging information.
• IT includes all types of technologies used to handle information, such as computer hardware and software.
• A computer accepts data as input, processes it, and produces information as output.
• Data refers to raw facts and figures that have not yet been processed.
• Information is the meaningful result obtained after processing data.
• Information Technology has become an integral part of modern businesses and organizations.
• Today, computers and information systems are essential for the smooth functioning of businesses.

Benefits of Information Technology in Business

• IT helps businesses reach a larger number of potential customers.
• IT helps streamline business operations and improve workflow.
• It reduces operational costs and saves time.
• IT enables organizations to provide better and faster services to customers.
• It supports better communication and collaboration with business partners.
• IT allows customers to provide feedback and helps businesses improve their products and services.

Information Technology Enabled Services (ITeS)

• Information Technology Enabled Services (ITeS) are services that use Information Technology to improve the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of business operations.
• ITeS helps organizations perform their tasks more efficiently through the use of computers, networks, and communication technologies.
• ITeS is also known as Web-Enabled Services or Remote Services.

Career Opportunities in ITeS

• Employment opportunities are available in:
  1. Call Centres
  2. Payroll Management
  3. Logistics Management
  4. Medical Transcription
  5. Back Office Operations
  6. GIS (Geographical Information System)
  7. Web Services
  8. Human Resource (HR) Services

Features of ITeS

• It covers diverse fields such as:
  1. Finance
  2. Human Resources (HR)
  3. Administration
  4. Healthcare
  5. Telecommunication
  6. Manufacturing
• E-enabled services help organizations significantly reduce operational costs.
• ITeS supports faster communication, better data management, and increased productivity.
• Internet-based service providers aim to offer Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce solutions through ITeS.
• ITeS integrates multiple services into a single delivery mechanism for end users.

Major Services Offered under ITeS

• Medical Transcription – Converting doctors’ voice recordings into written documents.
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM) – Managing interactions and relationships with customers.
• Data Entry and Data Processing – Entering, organizing, and processing data efficiently.
• Software Development – Designing, developing, and maintaining software applications.
• Data Warehousing – Storing and managing large volumes of organizational data.

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Services

• Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) refers to the practice of hiring an external service provider to perform specific business operations and processes.
• BPO is a part of Information Technology Enabled Services (ITeS) because Information Technology plays a crucial role in managing and improving outsourced services.
• The BPO industry is highly organized and supports the outsourcing of various business functions.
• Indian BPO companies maintain a balance between cost reduction and high-quality service delivery.

Major BPO Services

• Financial and Accounting Services – Handle accounting tasks, bookkeeping, financial reports, and auditing activities.
• Taxation and Insurance Services – Manage tax-related work, tax returns, insurance policies, and claim processing.
• E-Publishing and Web Promotion – Create digital publications and promote websites through online marketing.
• Legal Services and Content Writing – Provide legal documentation, legal research, contract drafting, and content creation services.
• Multimedia and Design Services – Develop graphics, animations, videos, and other creative multimedia content.
• Document Management Services – Store, organize, digitize, and manage business documents efficiently.
• Software Testing Services – Test software applications to identify errors and ensure quality and reliability.
• Health Care Services – Support healthcare operations through medical billing, coding, transcription, and patient record management.

BPM Industry in India

• Business Process Management (BPM) is an important part of India’s IT industry and has played a significant role in the country’s economic growth.
• The IT-BPM industry contributes significantly to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and export earnings.
• The industry has created a large number of employment opportunities across the country.
• It has helped in increasing income levels and improving the standard of living of many people.
• The IT-BPM sector has promoted exports and strengthened India’s position in the global market.

Reasons for the Success of the BPO Industry in India

• Government Support – The Government of India promotes the BPO industry by providing infrastructure, policies, and logistical support.
• Highly Developed Industry – India has a mature and well-established BPO sector capable of delivering a wide variety of services.
• High-Quality Services – Indian BPO companies are known for providing efficient and world-class services to global clients.

Types of Organizations in the IT-BPM Industry

Multinational Companies (MNCs)

• Multinational Companies (MNCs) are organizations whose headquarters are located outside India.
• These companies operate in multiple countries, including India.

Indian Service Providers (ISPs)

• Indian Service Providers (ISPs) are companies that started their operations in India.
• Most ISPs have their headquarters in India and offices in various countries.

Global In-house Centers (GICs)

• Global In-house Centers (GICs) are units established by companies to serve the needs of their parent organization.
• GICs do not provide services to external clients.
• They allow companies to keep their IT and business operations within the organization.

IT Applications

• Information Technology (IT) has become an integral part of everyday life in technologically advanced societies.
• Common uses of IT include:
  • Listening to music
  • Watching movies
  • Performing office work
  • Paying utility bills
  • Online ticket booking
  • Banking transactions

IT in Home Computing

• A Personal Computer (PC) is widely used at home for various personal and professional tasks.
• PCs are commonly used for:
  • Sending and receiving e-mails
  • Creating and listening to music
  • Watching videos and movies

IT in Everyday Life

• Many household appliances such as washing machines, microwave ovens, and smart devices use embedded software.
• Computers help store important information, appointments, schedules, and contact details.

IT in Libraries

• Most modern libraries are computerized for efficient management.
• Each library book is assigned a barcode for easy identification and tracking.
• Computer software is used to issue and return books.
• Library systems help users quickly check the availability of books.

IT at the Workplace

• Computers are used in offices to perform tasks more efficiently and accurately.
• Office applications help in creating documents, maintaining records, and managing communication.
• IT helps organizations save time, reduce errors, and improve overall performance.

IT in Education

ICT in the Classroom

• E-learning classrooms provide digital learning opportunities.
• Smart boards make classroom teaching more interactive and engaging.
• Videos are used to demonstrate experiments and explain concepts effectively.
• Students can create images, presentations, and videos as part of learning activities.

Education — Anywhere, Anytime

• Students can access educational resources from any location at any time.
• NCERT textbooks are available online through the ePathshala website and mobile app.
• Various websites and mobile applications provide learning materials on different subjects.
• Web-Based Training (WBT) enables online learning and training.

Teaching Aids and Media

• ICT helps teachers explain difficult concepts using pictures, animations, and audio-visual content.
• Computers help teachers organize and manage lessons efficiently.
• The Internet provides relevant and updated information for teaching and learning.

Learning Management System (LMS)

• A Learning Management System (LMS) is an online platform used to manage teaching and learning activities.
• LMS allows students to learn lessons anytime and anywhere.
• Parents can monitor their children’s academic progress using LMS.
• LMS improves communication and collaboration among students, teachers, and parents.

IT in Entertainment

• People can download and watch movies online.
• Computers are used for playing games and online gaming.
• Users can chat and interact with others through online platforms.
• Multimedia applications allow the use of sound, graphics, animation, and visual effects.

IT in Communication

• Computers enable fast and efficient communication across the world.
• Common IT-based communication services include:
  • E-mail
  • Online chatting
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • Telnet
  • Video conferencing

IT in Business

• IT helps in:
  • Payroll calculation
  • Budget preparation
  • Sales analysis
  • Financial forecasting
  • Inventory and stock management
• IT supports:
  • Online marketing
  • Product browsing
  • Customer interactions
  • Shopping cart checkout
  • Tax calculation
  • Order processing

IT in Science and Engineering

• Scientists and engineers use computers for complex calculations and research work.
• Computer Aided Design (CAD) is used for designing and drawing models.
• Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is used in manufacturing and production processes.
• Computers are used for simulation and testing of designs before actual production.

IT in Banking

• Customer records and banking transactions are maintained digitally.
• Banking services such as:
  • e-Recurring Deposit (e-RD)
  • e-Fixed Deposit (e-FD)
  • NEFT
  • RTGS
  • Online fund transfer
    are performed through computer networks and the Internet.
• Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) allow customers to:
  • Withdraw cash
  • Deposit cash
  • Check account balance
  • Access banking services anytime

IT in Insurance

• Computers help manage:
  • Policy details
  • Premium payments
  • Renewal dates
  • Maturity dates
  • Interest calculations
  • Bonus declarations
• Customers can purchase and manage insurance policies online through company websites.

IT in Marketing

• Graphics, animation, and multimedia tools help create attractive advertisements.
• IT helps businesses reach a larger audience through digital marketing.
• E-commerce websites allow customers to purchase products from home.

IT in Health Care

• Hospital Management Systems (HMS) are used to manage patient records and hospital administration.
• Computerized medical equipment is used for:
  • ECG (Electrocardiogram)
  • EEG (Electroencephalogram)
  • Ultrasound
  • CT Scan
• Computers help monitor patients during surgeries and treatments.
• Expert systems assist doctors in disease diagnosis and decision-making.

Use of ICT in Diagnosis

Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) Machine

• CAT machines create detailed three-dimensional (3D) images of different body parts.
• These images help doctors examine internal organs and tissues.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Machine

• MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of internal body organs.
• MRI helps in detecting diseases and planning appropriate treatment.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Machine

• ECG machines are used to monitor and record the heartbeat.
• The recorded data is displayed in the form of a graph.
• ECG helps detect heart-related disorders and abnormalities.

Cardiac Screening Machine

• This machine displays the internal functioning and movements of the heart.
• It helps doctors identify heart-related problems such as blocked or narrowed blood vessels.

Electroencephalography (EEG) Machine

• EEG machines record the electrical activity of the brain.
• EEG is used to study brain activity when a person is awake or asleep.
• It helps diagnose neurological disorders and brain-related conditions.

Blood Sugar Testing Machine

• This device analyses a blood sample to measure the blood glucose level.
• It is commonly used to monitor and manage diabetes.

Blood Pressure Measuring Machine

• This device measures a person’s blood pressure.
• It is often available as a wearable wristband device.

IT in Government and Public Services

• The Government of India actively promotes e-Governance to provide efficient and transparent public services.
• Initiatives such as Digital India encourage the use of ICT for governance and citizen services.
• The Income Tax Department uses computer systems for tax administration and record management.
• The Sales Tax Department uses IT for tax collection and monitoring.
• The process of issuing and managing PAN (Permanent Account Number) cards is computerized.

Data Entry and Keyboarding Skills

Keyboarding Skills

• The keyboard is the most commonly used text-based input device.
• A standard keyboard generally has more than 100 keys.
• Some symbols and commands require pressing multiple keys simultaneously or in sequence.

• Touch Typing

• Touch typing is a method of typing without looking at the keyboard.
• In this method, the typist relies on finger movement and muscle memory to locate keys.
• Muscle Memory – A touch typist remembers key locations through muscle memory.
• Home Row and Finger Placement – Touch typing typically uses eight fingers placed on the middle row of the keyboard, known as the Home Row.
• Touch typing can be performed using:
  • Both hands
  • A single hand
• Correct finger positioning helps the typist quickly return to the keyboard and continue typing efficiently.

Types of Keys

Alphanumeric Keys

• These keys include all alphabet letters (A–Z) and numbers (0–9).
• They are mainly used for typing text and numerical data.

Punctuation Keys

• These keys are used to enter punctuation marks and mathematical symbols.
• Examples include:
  • Comma (,)
  • Period (.)
  • Semicolon (;)
  • Brackets ([ ])
  • Parentheses ({ })
  • Plus (+)
  • Minus (−)
  • Equal (=)

Alt Key

• Alt stands for Alternate Key.
• It works like a secondary control key.
• It is used in combination with other keys to perform special functions and shortcuts.

Arrow Keys

• Arrow keys are used to move the cursor in different directions:
  • Up (↑)
  • Down (↓)
  • Left (←)
  • Right (→)
• They can be used along with Shift or Alt keys for additional navigation functions.

Backspace Key

• Deletes the character immediately to the left of the cursor.
• Moves the cursor one position backward after deletion.

Caps Lock Key

• Caps Lock is a toggle key.
• When activated, all alphabetic characters are typed in uppercase letters.
• Pressing it again turns off uppercase typing.

Ctrl Key

• Ctrl stands for Control Key.
• It is used along with other keys to perform shortcut commands.
• The function of Ctrl combinations depends on the software being used.

Delete Key

• Deletes the character at the current cursor position.
• Removes selected text, files, or objects.
• In text editing, it deletes characters to the right of the cursor.

Enter (Return) Key

• Used to execute commands.
• Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line while typing text.

Esc Key

• Esc stands for Escape Key.
• Used to cancel operations, close menus, or exit programs and tasks.

Function Keys (F1–F12)

• These are special-purpose keys labeled F1 to F12.
• Their functions vary depending on the software or application being used.

Numeric Keypad

• The numeric keypad is mainly used for entering large amounts of numerical data.
• It is located on the right side of the keyboard.
• It resembles a calculator keypad.
• It contains:
  • Numbers (0–9)
  • Addition (+)
  • Subtraction (−)
  • Multiplication (*)
  • Division (/)
  • Decimal point (.)
  • Num Lock key
  • Enter key

Home Keys

• Home keys are the keys where fingers are placed before typing.
• Alphabets ASDF are home keys for the left hand and; (semi-colon) LKJ for the right hand.

Guide Keys

• F and J are known as Guide Keys.
• F is the guide key for the left hand.
• J is the guide key for the right hand.
• Both keys contain a small raised mark or bump.

Typing and Deleting Text

Typing Text

• Text can be entered into a document using the letter keys on the keyboard.
• Each key press inserts the corresponding character at the cursor position.

Deleting Text

• Text can be deleted using the Backspace key or the Delete key.
• Backspace Key removes the character to the left of the cursor.
• Delete Key removes the character to the right of the cursor.

Typing Numbers

• Numbers can be typed using:
  • The number keys on the top row of the keyboard.
  • The numeric keypad (when Num Lock is enabled).

Typing Capital Letters

• Caps Lock is used to type capital letters continuously.

Typing Symbols

• To type the upper symbol, press and hold the Shift key while pressing the required key.
• Shift is commonly used to type symbols such as:
  • @
  • %
  • &

Typing Sentences

• The Spacebar is used to insert spaces between words.

Creating New Lines and Paragraphs

• The Enter or Return key is used to move the cursor to a new line.

Guide for Typing

• The cursor is the blinking vertical line that indicates where the next character will appear.

Pointing Devices

• Pointing devices are used to select objects directly from the computer screen.
• They eliminate the need to type commands for many tasks.

Examples of Pointing Devices

• Mouse
• Joystick
• Light Pen
• Touch Pad
• Trackball
• Touch Screen

Mouse

• A mouse is the most commonly used pointing device.
• It is used to point, select, open, and manipulate objects on the screen.
• Common uses of a mouse include:
  • Selecting menu options
  • Opening files and folders
  • Resizing windows
  • Clicking icons
  • Dragging and dropping objects

Parts of a Mouse

• Left Button
• Right Button
• Scroll Wheel (Rolling Object)
• Handling Area (Body of the Mouse)

Proper Mouse Handling

• The index finger is placed on the left mouse button.
• The middle finger is placed on the right mouse button.
• The thumb and ring finger hold the sides of the mouse.
• A mouse click is performed by pressing and releasing a button quickly.

Mouse Pointer

• The mouse pointer is a graphical symbol that shows the mouse position on the screen.
• Common Mouse Pointer Shapes
• Arrow Pointer – Used for selecting and moving objects.
• I-Beam Pointer – Appears over text and indicates where text can be typed or selected.
• Hand Pointer – Appears over hyperlinks on web pages and indicates clickable links.
• Hyperlinks – When the pointer changes to a hand symbol, it indicates a hyperlink.

Mouse Operations

• Click or Left Click

• Used to select an item on the screen.
• Performed by pressing and releasing the left mouse button once.

• Double Click

• Used to:
  • Open files and folders
  • Start programs
  • Execute actions in applications

• Right Click

• Used to display a shortcut menu or context menu.

• Drag and Drop

• Used to move an object from one location to another.
• Commonly used for moving files, folders, images, and other objects.

• Scroll

• Used to move a document or webpage up and down.
• Performed using the scroll wheel located between the mouse buttons.

• Blocking (Text Selection)

• Blocking is used to select text for editing, copying, deleting, or formatting.
• The selected text appears highlighted and is ready for further operations.

Typing Ergonomics

• Typing ergonomics provides the physical and logistical support required for efficient and effective typing.
• Proper ergonomics helps improve typing speed, accuracy, comfort, and reduces fatigue.

• Sitting Posture

• Sit straight while typing.
• Slightly bend the neck forward.
• Keep the lower back supported by the backrest of the chair.
• Place both feet flat on the floor.

• Position of Hands

• Keep forearms level with the keyboard.
• Place palms facing downward.
• Keep wrists straight.
• Maintain approximately a 90-degree angle at the elbows.

• Monitor Placement

• Do not bend the neck while viewing the monitor.
• Keep the top edge of the monitor at eye level.
• Maintain a viewing distance of about 60–65 cm for a 17-inch screen.

• Mouse and Keyboard Placement

• Keep the keyboard and mouse close together.
• Maintain an approximate distance of 20 cm between them.
• Ensure that the keyboard, mouse, and elbows are at the same height.

• Chair and Table Placement

• Adjust the chair and table to a comfortable height.
• The chair should provide proper support to the lower back.
• Keep keyboards and vibrating devices such as printers on separate tables.

• Placement of Matter to be Typed

• Place the document to be typed on the left or right side of the keyboard.
• Preferably use a Copy Holder with a sloping surface.
• Proper placement reduces unnecessary neck and eye movement.

Positioning of Fingers on the Keyboard

• Correct finger positioning is essential for mastering keyboard skills.
• Touch typing is based on the Home Row Approach (Horizontal Approach).
• All eight fingers rest on the Home Keys during typing.
• The right-hand thumb is used to operate the Space Bar.

Allocation of Keys to Fingers

• Keyboard learning starts with:
  • Home Row (Second Row)
  • Upper Row (Third Row)
  • Bottom Row (First Row)
  • Number Row (Fourth Row)

• Allocation of Keys on the Home Row (Second row)

Left Hand

• Little Finger → A
• Ring Finger → S
• Middle Finger → D
• Index Finger → F and G

Right Hand

• Index Finger → H and J
• Middle Finger → K
• Ring Finger → L
• Little Finger → ;

• Allocation of Keys on the Upper Row (Third row)

• The left-hand little finger moves from ‘a’ to ‘q’.
• The right-hand little finger moves from ‘;’ to ‘p’.
• The ring fingers are used for the adjoining keys ‘w’ and ‘o’.
• Each finger reaches the upper-row key assigned to it while returning to its Home Row position afterward.

Typing Rule

• Keep other fingers on the Home Row.
• Move only one finger at a time.
• Return the finger to its Home Key after striking a key.

• Allocation of Keys on the Bottom Row

Keys Z, X, C, V, B, N, M, Comma, Full Stop and ‘/’ sign are located on this row

• Allocation of Keys on the Number Row

Left Hand

• Little Finger → 1
• Ring Finger → 2
• Middle Finger → 3
• Index Finger → 4 and 5

Right Hand

• Index Finger → 6 and 7
• Middle Finger → 8
• Ring Finger → 9
• Little Finger → 0

Using Numeric Keypad

• The numeric keypad consists of four columns and five rows.
• The row containing 4, 5, 6, and + is called the Home Row of the numeric keypad.
• The 5 key acts as the Guide Key.
• It contains a small raised mark that helps locate other keys without looking.
• The 0 key is operated using the right-hand thumb.

Successful Keyboarding Tips

• Press keys with a light (feather) touch.
• Release keys immediately after pressing them.
• Avoid holding keys for too long.
• Do not look at the keyboard while practicing.
• Use only the finger assigned to a particular key.
• Follow proper typing ergonomics.
• Be patient while learning and correcting mistakes.
• Maintain a balance between speed and accuracy.
• Practice words, sentences, passages, and numerical data regularly without looking at the keyboard.