Operating Web Based Applications Notes Class 12 IT (802)

Operating Web Based Applications Notes for Class 12 IT (802) are comprehensively designed to help students score high marks in exams. These notes provide clear and well-organized explanations, enabling students to quickly understand concepts, revise effectively, and strengthen their preparation with ease.

Web-Based Applications

• A web-based application is software accessed using a web browser over the Internet.
• It works 24×7 and can be used from anywhere (home, office, travel, etc.).
• Examples:
  • Online reservation system
  • Online shopping and bill payments
  • Online tutorials
  • E-governance

Categories of Web Applications

• Transaction-based applications
  • Require online payments
  • Examples: ticket booking, online shopping, bill payments
• Information & interaction-based applications
  • Provide information or allow interaction
  • Examples: e-governance portals, online tutorials, forums, email

Online Reservation Systems

System that allows booking/cancellation of tickets online using the Internet.
Examples:

• Airline tickets
• Railway tickets
• Bus tickets
• Movie tickets
• Hotel booking
• Car rentals
• Tour booking

Advantages of Online Reservation System

For Consumers:

• Convenient: Book anytime, anywhere
• Time-saving: No queues or travel needed
• Price comparison: Compare different service providers
• Secure: Login-based authentication
• Instant confirmation: Booking confirmation within seconds
• Seat selection: Choose seats, preferences, etc.
• Discounts: Offers like early booking, seasonal discounts
• Easy modifications: Cancellation or changes easily done

For Service Providers:

• Less staffing required
• No location restriction
• Global access
• Reduced operational cost
• Wider customer reach

Precautions for Online Transactions

• Use strong passwords (mix letters, numbers, symbols)
• Do not share passwords
• Avoid using personal names as passwords
• Keep login details secure
• Be cautious of fraud and hacking risks

Using Online Reservation Systems

• Open web browser
• Enter website URL or search engine
• Search for reservation website
• Open website
• Search required information
• Book ticket or service online

E-Governance

• E-Governance (electronic governance) means using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the government to deliver services and information to citizens.
• The main aim of e-Governance is to ensure transparency in government processes and to provide reliable, efficient, and quality services and information to people.
• E-Governance services are generally divided into two main types:
  • Online service delivery (services provided digitally to citizens)
  • Online information access (providing government-related information through digital platforms)

Benefits:

• Easy access to government services
• Transparency in system
• No need for middlemen
• Saves time and money
• Improves service quality

E-Governance Initiatives

• National e-Government Plan (NeGP)
• National e-Governance Division (NeGD)
• e-Governance Infrastructure
• Citizens Services
• Business Services
• Government Services
• Projects and Initiatives
• R&D in e-Governance

E-Governance Sites

• India.gov.in
• Goidirectory.nic.in
• uidai.gov.in
• digitalindia.gov.in
• mygov.in

Online Shopping and Bill Payments

Online shopping is a type of e-commerce application that allows customers to buy products and services through the Internet.

Benefits of Online Shopping

• Saves time and travel cost
• Shop anytime (24×7)
• Product not available locally can be purchased
• Send gifts directly to others
• Price comparison available
• Customer reviews help in decision-making

How Online Shopping Works

• Open the online shopping website or app
• Create an account by registering or log in if already registered
• Search for the required products using the search option
• Select products and add them to the shopping cart
• Review the items added in the cart and make changes if needed
• Proceed to payment using available options (debit card, credit card, net banking, etc.)
• Confirm the order after successful payment and receive order confirmation details

Bill Payments

Online Bill Payment can be done by

• Debit card
• Credit card
• Net banking
• Wire Transfer
• UPI Apps like Phonepe, Paytm etc.
• Bills include:
  • Electricity
  • WaterTaxes
  • Government services

Online Courses, Tutorials and Tests

Online courses and tutorials help users learn different skills and subjects like software, games, or lessons through the Internet. In online tutoring, teachers and students are in different locations but stay connected online for learning.

Benefits:

• You can learn anytime and from anywhere
• You can study at your own speed
• Everyone gets equal opportunity, no matter age or gender
• Videos and audio make learning easier and clearer

Examples of Educational Platforms:

• khanacademy.org
• eagetutor.com
• udacity.org
• courser.org
• edx.org
• w3schools.com
• ncert.nic.in

Project Management – Web Application Development

Project Management is the process of planning, organizing, and completing a project to achieve its goals within a fixed time. It involves using knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to complete project activities successfully and meet all requirements.

Characteristics of a Project:

• A project has a clear beginning and a clear end
• It works with limited resources like time, money, and people
• It is created to achieve specific and defined goals
• It must be completed within a fixed time period (timeline)

Web Based Application

Web-based application development refers to the process of creating applications that run on a remote server and are accessed through the Internet using a web browser. These applications can be used for different purposes such as quizzes, games, and bill calculators.

Phases of Web Application Development

1.  Requirement Definition Phase
   • Identify the problem to be solved
   • Check whether the project is feasible (technically and economically)
   • Define the scope, i.e., what the system will do
2. Design Phase
   • Decide how the system will work
   • It includes:
     1. Structure of the website (pages and links)
     2. Design of database (tables and attributes)
     3. Layout of pages (header, content, sidebar, etc.)
3. Implementation Phase
   • Create the backend database
   • Develop the frontend interface
   • Connect frontend with backend
   • Use input elements like forms, buttons, etc.
4. Testing Phase
   • Test the complete application
   • Find and fix errors (bugs)
   • Test again after corrections
   • Release the final working application after successful testing