Class 12 AI (843) - Data Science Methodology PYQ

Strengthen your CBSE Class 12 AI exam preparation with this latest collection of Data Science Methodology Previous Year Questions (PYQs) with answers. All questions are carefully selected from the last 3 years of CBSE board exams, helping you understand the latest exam pattern and prepare with confidence.

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Q1. A retail company notices a sudden decline in online sales during the last quarter. The data analytics team decides to investigate the underlying causes of this drop. They begin examining customer behaviour patterns, website traffic, and product return rates to identify factors contributing to the decline. Which type of data analytics is the team primarily using? [1 Mark | 2026]
a) Descriptive Analytics
b) Diagnostic Analytics
c) Predictive Analytics
d) Prescriptive Analytics

Q2. A social media analyst is working with a large collection of audio files, images, and video files to study user engagement and content trends on various platforms. Which type of Big Data is the analyst dealing with? [2026]
a) Structured Data
b) Semi-Structured Data
c) Unstructured Data
d) Filter Data

Q3. The primary purpose of Prescriptive Analytics is to: [2026]
a) Uncover root causes and factors contributing to specific outcomes.
b) Identify patterns, trends, and anomalies in past data.
c) Forecast future events or behaviours.
d) Recommend specific actions or interventions based on predictive insights.

Q4. A bank’s fraud detection team analyses thousands of daily transactions to identify suspicious activities. During the analysis, they look for unusual spending patterns or transactions that significantly differ from a customer’s normal behaviour. This process of finding such irregular or abnormal trends within a dataset is associated with: [2026]
a) Clustering
b) Recommendation
c) Regression
d) Anomaly Detection

Q5. What is the main purpose of evaluation in an AI project cycle? [2026]
a) To collect data for training the model
b) To assess how well a model performs after training
c) To deploy the model into real-world systems
d) To visualize the data used for model building

Q6. Assertion (A): Social media posts and images are examples of structured data.
Reason (R): Unstructured data does not follow a predefined format. [2026]
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
d) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Q7. Which of the following is the first stage in the AI project lifecycle? [2025]
a) Model building
b) Deployment
c) Project scoping
d) Analytics

Q8. Why is it important to determine if there is a pattern before starting an AI project? [2025]
a) To ensure data is available
b) Because AI can only solve problems with identifiable patterns
c) To simplify the project process
d) To minimize costs

Q9. Which of the following occurs during the deployment stage of the AI lifecycle? [2025]
a) Data cleaning
b) Model optimization
c) Integrating the model into production environments
d) Scoping the project requirements

Q10. At a high level, every AI project follows six steps. Feature Definition is the ______ step in an AI project development process. [2025]
a) Second
b) Third
c) Fifth
d) Sixth

Q11. Which of the following activities is not directly associated with the scoping phase of an AI project? [2025]
a) Defining success metrics
b) Selecting relevant AI use cases
c) Anticipating key resources and steps
d) Testing the AI model in a real-world environment

Q12. Which of the following is not a step involved in the Design or Build phase of an AI project? [2025]
a) Data acquisition and cleaning
b) Feature engineering
c) Model validation
d) Stakeholder alignment

Q13. Statement I: The outcome of training data is already known.
Statement II: Training data is used to evaluate the fit learning data model. [2025]
a) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
b) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
c) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect.
d) Statement II is correct and statement I is incorrect.

Q14. Why is data validation important in the testing phase of AI development? [2025]
a) It helps in selecting the best algorithms
b) It prevents human biases in selecting test data
c) It reduces the size of test data
d) It automates the testing process

Q15. Real computational tasks are complicated. To accomplish them, you need to: [2025]
a) Break down the problem into smaller units before coding.
b) Leave them as they are and continue with other work.
c) Wait for assistance.
d) Combine all problems together and then try to solve them.

Q16. Why is performance testing critical when testing AI systems? [2025]
a) Because AI systems are usually small in scale
b) Due to the large volume of data that AI systems handle
c) To make users familiar with AI model
d) Because AI systems do not require frequent updates

Q17. Data modelling focuses on developing models that are either ______ or ______. [2025]
a) descriptive, elaborate
b) varied, scattered
c) descriptive, predictive
d) scattered, predictive

Q18. What type of data should be included in test data for AI model validation? [2025]
a) Only newly collected data
b) Data that wasn’t part of the training set
c) All relevant subsets of training data
d) External datasets only

Q19. The ______ is a technique for evaluating the performance of a Machine Learning algorithm that can be used for any supervised learning algorithm. [2025]
a) Train-test split
b) Bus-test split
c) Jump-test split
d) Design-test split

Q20. Why is it important to check the quality of a model? [2025]

Q21. Define Design Thinking? How is it useful? [2025]

Q22. Name any two Open Frameworks and any two development tools that can be used to build an AI model. [2025]

Q23. ‘Loss functions can be broadly categorized into two types: Classification and Regression Loss.’ What does the classification and regression loss predict? [2025]

Q24. List any four categories of classification loss. [2025]

Q25. List any four key points that should be taken into consideration during the testing stage. [2025]

Q26. Explain the step ‘Understanding the Problem’ in an AI project cycle. [2025]

Q27. Statement-I: A capstone project is the final project of an academic program.
Statement-II: For a capstone project, the students research on a topic independently. [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
d) Statement II is correct but Statement I is incorrect.

Q28. Which of the following is true about RMSE? [1 Mark | 2025]
a) It helps to find the square root of a number.
b) It stands for Rough Mean Square Error.
c) It helps to determine the accuracy of an AI model.
d) It is the square root of the sum of test values and predicted values.

Q29. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main stages of an AI project’s life-cycle? [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Project scoping
b) Data visualization
c) Design or build phase
d) Deployment in production

Q30. At a high level, any AI project follows six steps. What is the first step in the AI project process? [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Data gathering
b) AI model construction
c) Problem definition
d) Deployment

Q31. Which of the following is true about the Design or Build stage of an AI Project Life-cycle? [1 Mark | 2025]
a) It is the first stage.
b) It is an iterative process.
c) It takes 15 days to complete.
d) It includes only data acquisition and exploration.

Q32. Which of the following is NOT one of the six steps in an AI project? [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Data gathering
b) Data cleaning
c) Evaluation & Refinements
d) Deployment

Q33. What does the phrase ‘garbage in, garbage out’ mean in the context of an AI project? [1 Mark | 2025]
a) If the data collected is bad, the AI model will not be effective.
b) If you select the wrong AI model, the project will fail.
c) AI algorithms can correct bad data inputs automatically.
d) Garbage data should be avoided in the deployment phase.

Q34. Design thinking is extremely useful in tackling complex problems that are ill-defined or unknown. What is the primary focus of Design Thinking? [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Aesthetics of design
b) Solution-based approach to problem-solving
c) Technical coding skills
d) Project management

Q35. Which of the following is NOT a key activity during the scoping phase of an AI model life-cycle? [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Defining the business objectives
b) Aligning stakeholders’ expectations
c) Cleaning and preparing the data
d) Evaluating Return On Investment (ROI)

Q36. The ______ stage of an AI project cycle involves the planning and motivational aspects of your project. [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Design
b) Deployment
c) Testing
d) Requirement Analysis

Q37. ______ is a structured approach for communicating insights drawn from data, combined with visuals and narratives. [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Graphs
b) Data storytelling
c) Data requirements
d) Data acquisition

Q38. A good model should have an RMSE value less than ______. [1 Mark | 2025]
a) 160
b) 170
c) 180
d) 190

Q39. The narrative is accompanied with ______, to explain why a particular insight has been generated. [1 Mark | 2025]
a) Scores
b) Probability
c) Data
d) Project