Get latest notes of Office Automation Tools for class 11 IT-802 desinged as per CBSE latest curriculum.

Word Processor

Introduction to Word Processing

• Word processing software is used to create text-based documents and provides tools to edit, format, and print documents.
• A document created using such software can include text, pictures, and tables, and may be used for reports, letters, drawings, or web pages.
• OpenOffice Writer is a popular open-source word processing software that can be downloaded free of cost.
• It can be installed on both Linux-based and Windows-based systems.
• This software is widely used for creating and managing documents efficiently.

Start OpenOffice Writer

• OpenOffice Writer can be started using the Start menu by selecting Start → Programs → OpenOffice.
• It can also be opened by double-clicking the OpenOffice icon available on the desktop.

OpenOffice Screen and its Components

• The main screen of OpenOffice Writer consists of various components that help in document creation and editing.
• Tabs such as File, Edit, View, Insert, etc., contain drop-down menus with different commands.
• The Ruler Bar includes horizontal and vertical rulers used to adjust margins and indentation.
• The Status Bar displays information such as current page number, total number of pages, and zoom level.
• Scroll bars (horizontal and vertical) are used to move through the document content.
• The Work Area is the main space where text is typed and edited.
• The Status Bar can be hidden by selecting View and unchecking the Status Bar option.

Writer Tabs

• OpenOffice Writer includes tabs like File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window, and Help.
• Each tab contains a drop-down menu with commands related to specific tasks.
• The File tab is used to open, close, save, and print documents.
• The Edit tab is used for editing tasks such as cut, copy, paste, and find & replace.
• The View tab controls how the document is displayed on the screen.
• The Insert tab is used to add elements like comments, special characters, graphics, and objects.
• The Format tab is used to change the layout and appearance of the document.
• The Tools tab provides options like spell check and gallery features.
• The Table tab is used to insert and manage tables in the document.
• The Window tab is used to manage and switch between document windows.

File Tab

• OpenOffice Writer documents are saved with the extension .odt, for example, Anita.odt.
• The terms “file” and “document” are often used interchangeably.
• The File tab contains commands used to create, open, save, print, and close documents.
• The New option is used to create a new document by selecting File → New → Text Document.
• The Save As option is used to save a file for the first time or to save an existing file with a different name.
• While saving, the user can select the folder, enter the file name, choose the file type, and click Save.
• The Page Preview option (File → Page Preview) allows the user to see how the document will look when printed.
• It helps in viewing multiple pages and adjusting zoom levels before printing.
• The Close Preview option is used to return to the document editing screen.
• Printer settings can be configured using File → Printer Settings.
• The Print option (File → Print) is used to print the document, where users can select paper size and print multiple pages on a single sheet.

Edit Tab

• The Edit tab contains commands used to perform editing operations on the current document.
• It includes commonly used commands such as cut, copy, paste, find & replace, undo, and redo.
• These commands help in modifying and correcting the content efficiently.
• Move Text is done by selecting the text, applying Cut, placing the cursor at the desired location, and then using Paste.
• Copy Text is done by selecting the text, applying Copy, placing the cursor at the desired location, and then using Paste.
• Find and Replace is used to search for specific words and replace them with new ones throughout the document.

View Tab

• The View tab contains commands used to control how the document is displayed on the screen.
• It allows users to show or hide elements like the status bar, ruler, and sidebar.
• Toolbars option (View → Toolbars) allows selection of toolbars to be displayed on the screen.
• Selected toolbars display icons for quick access to commands.
• Standard and Formatting toolbars are generally enabled by default.

Insert Tab

• The Insert tab is used to add different elements into the document such as page numbers, date, header, footer, tables, and hyperlinks.
• All inserted elements appear at the position where the cursor is placed.
• In many cases, a dialog box opens for selecting options during insertion.
• Header is inserted using Insert → Header → Default and appears at the top of the page.
• Footer is inserted using Insert → Footer → Default and appears at the bottom of the page.
• Fields option is used to insert elements like page number, date, time, and author name at the cursor position.
• Hyperlink option is used to link text to a webpage, document, email, or another file.
• Table of Content can be inserted using Insert → Indexes & Tables → Indexes & Tables.
• Table can be inserted using Insert → Table by specifying rows and columns.
• Formula can be inserted using Insert → Object → Formula for mathematical expressions.

Format Tab

• The Format tab contains commands used to change the appearance and layout of the document.
• Formatting is applied only to the selected text, so text must be selected before applying any format.
• Character option is used to change font type, size, style, and effects.
• Paragraph option is used to adjust alignment, spacing, indentation, and borders.
• Bullets and Numbering option is used to add bullet points or numbered lists.
• Page option is used to format the entire page including borders, color, and layout.
• Change Case option is used to convert text into uppercase, lowercase, etc.
• Columns option is used to divide the page into multiple columns.
• Alignment option is used to align text as left, right, center, or justified.

Table Tab

• The Table tab contains commands used to create and manage tables in the document.
• It allows inserting tables and modifying rows and columns.
• Tables are inserted at the cursor position, and a table toolbar appears for formatting.
• Convert option is used to convert text into a table or a table into text.
• For operations like merge or split, the required cells must be selected first.

Tools Tab

• The Tools tab contains commands that help improve the quality and analysis of the document.
• It provides features like spelling check and word count.
• Spelling and Grammar option checks the document for errors and provides suggestions for correction.
• The user can accept or ignore the suggested corrections.
• Word Count option shows the number of words and characters in the selected text or the entire document.

Window Tab

• The Window tab contains commands used to manage document windows.
• It allows opening a new window or closing an existing one.
• It also displays the list of all currently open windows.

Help Tab

• The Help tab provides assistance to users for using OpenOffice Writer.
• It allows users to search and browse help topics related to commands and features.

Spreadsheet (OpenOffice Calc)

Spreadsheet

• A spreadsheet stores data in the form of a table made up of rows and columns.
• It is used to store, arrange, and sort data, and to perform calculations on numerical data.
• It is similar to traditional ruled accounting worksheets used for bookkeeping.
• The computerized version of such a worksheet is called a spreadsheet application.
• It allows users to perform quick calculations, create charts, analyze data, and print results.
• Spreadsheets are widely used in fields like banking, finance, accounting, and education.

Popular uses of spreadsheets:

• Managing financial data such as bank accounts, budgets, transactions, billing, and receipts.
• Handling inventory, employee information, surveys, and reviews using data entry forms.
• Tracking student performance including grades, attendance, highest and lowest scores.
• Creating non-numeric lists such as student lists or grocery lists.
• Managing company data like profit and sales, and creating graphs from the data.

Spreadsheet applications:

• Commonly used applications include Microsoft Excel, Apache OpenOffice Calc, LibreOffice Calc, and Google Sheets.
• Microsoft Excel is proprietary software developed by Microsoft.
• OpenOffice Calc and LibreOffice Calc are free and open-source alternatives.
• Google Sheets is a web-based application that allows online access and editing of spreadsheets.
• In this chapter, spreadsheets are studied using Apache OpenOffice Calc.

Installing Calc

• Calc is free software and can be downloaded from the official OpenOffice website.
• It is the spreadsheet component of Apache OpenOffice, an open-source office suite.
• You can install the complete OpenOffice package, which includes Calc.

Steps to install OpenOffice Calc:

1. Open the URL: https://www.openoffice.org/download/index.html
2. Select your operating system and language.
3. Click on Download Full Installation.
4. Double-click the downloaded .exe file.
5. Click Next on the setup screen.
6. Click on Unpack.
7. After unpacking, click Next.
8. Enter user information and click Next.
9. Choose setup type (recommended: Typical for beginners).
10. Click on Install.
11. After installation, click Finish.
12. Run OpenOffice to check successful installation.
13. Click on Spreadsheet to open OpenOffice Calc.

Main Features of OpenOffice Calc

• Calc provides many useful features for creating and managing spreadsheets.
• It includes various tools, menus, and options that help in data entry, formatting, calculations, and analysis.
• These features may seem complex initially, but they become easy to understand with practice.

Starting Calc

• OpenOffice Calc can be started in different ways:
  • Click Start → Programs → OpenOffice
  • Double-click the OpenOffice icon on the desktop (if available)
• Calc uses Open Document Format (ODF) as its default file format.
• ODF is an international standard format used for storing documents.

Calc Main Window

• The main window of Calc contains various components such as menus, toolbars, and working areas.

Title Bar

• Displays the name of the current spreadsheet, its extension (.ods), and the software name (OpenOffice Calc).
• A new file is named as Untitled N by default.
• Three dots (…) indicate that a dialog box will appear when the option is selected.

Menu Bar

• Located below the Title Bar and contains different menu options:
  • File: New, Open, Save, Save As, Print, Preview, Close, Exit
  • Edit: Cut, Copy, Paste, Find & Replace, Delete, Headers & Footers
  • View: Toolbars, Full Screen, Zoom
  • Insert: Cells, Rows, Columns, Sheet, Function, Picture, Chart
  • Format: Format cells, rows, columns, and sheet layout
  • Tools: Spelling check, Macros
  • Data: Sort, Filter, Validity
  • Window: Open or close windows
  • Help: Help options, updates, and explanations

Standard Bar

• Located below the Menu Bar
• Contains shortcut icons like New, Open, Save, Print, Cut, Copy, Paste, Chart, Find & Replace, Spelling

Find Bar

• Used to search text in the spreadsheet
• Highlights matching cells and allows navigation through results

Formatting Bar

• Used to format text and cells
• Options include:
  • Font name and size
  • Bold, Italic, Underline
  • Text alignment (left, center, right, justify)
  • Merge cells
  • Number formats (currency, percent, decimal)
  • Indentation
  • Cell borders
  • Background color and text color

Formula Bar

• Displays and allows editing of data or formulas in a cell
• Contains:
  • Name Box: Shows cell reference (e.g., A1, C4)
  • Function Wizard: Helps insert functions
  • Sum Icon: Adds numbers automatically
  • Function Icon: Inserts formula (=)
• Input line shows the content of the selected cell

Sheet Tabs

• A spreadsheet can contain multiple sheets
• Used to switch between sheets
• Right-click options: Insert, Delete, Rename, Move sheets

Status Bar

• Located at the bottom of the window
• Shows sheet number, total sheets, and selected cell information
• Displays sum, average, count, etc. for selected cells
• Includes zoom slider to adjust view size

Sidebar

• Located on the right side
• Contains tools like Properties, Styles, Gallery, Navigator

Active Cell

• The currently selected cell is called the active cell
• It is highlighted with a thick black border

Row Headers

• Represented by numbers (1, 2, 3, …) on the left side

Column Headers

• Represented by letters (A, B, C, …) at the top

Working with Spreadsheets

• A spreadsheet contains multiple sheets, and each sheet has cells arranged in rows and columns.
• Each cell is identified by a column letter and row number (e.g., A1, D5).
• Cells can store data such as text, numbers, and formulas.
• A spreadsheet can have many sheets, and each sheet can contain many cells.

Create a New Blank Worksheet

• Click File → New → Spreadsheet
• Click New icon (drop-down) → Spreadsheet from Standard bar
• Use shortcut Ctrl + N

Open an Existing Spreadsheet

• Click File → Open and select the file
• Click Open icon on Standard bar
• You can also open recently used files from the dropdown

Navigating within Spreadsheets

• Access a cell: Click on the cell or type its reference (e.g., D5) in the Name box and press Enter
• Use Navigator (F5) to jump to a specific cell
• Cell to cell navigation: Use mouse, arrow keys, Tab, or Enter
• Sheet navigation: Use sheet tabs at the bottom
• Use navigation buttons to view hidden sheet tabs

Saving Worksheet

• Click File → Save
• Click Save icon
• First-time saving opens a dialog box to enter file name and location

Closing Worksheet

• Click File → Close
• If not saved, options appear: Save / Discard / Cancel
• You can also close the Calc window directly

Working with Data

Types of Data

• Labels: Text or alphanumeric data (left-aligned by default)
• Values: Numeric data like integers, decimals, fractions (right-aligned by default)
• Formulas: Used for calculations and always start with =

Entering Data

• Click on a cell (e.g., A1) to make it active
• Type the data and press Enter

Moving Data (Cut, Copy, Paste)

• Using Edit Menu:
  • Select cell → Edit → Cut/Copy
  • Select destination cell → Edit → Paste
• Using Standard Bar:
  • Use Cut, Copy, Paste icons
• Using Right-Click:
  • Right-click cell → Cut/Copy
  • Right-click destination → Paste
• Cut vs Copy:
  • Cut → Moves data (removes from original cell)
  • Copy → Duplicates data (original remains unchanged)

Using AutoFill

• Used to automatically fill data in a series
• Enter first value (e.g., 1)
• Drag the fill handle (small + sign) to fill series (2, 3, 4…)
• Can also fill days (Monday → Tuesday…)

Special AutoFill Cases

• Hold Ctrl while dragging to repeat same value
• For custom series (e.g., 2, 4, 6…):
  • Enter first two values
  • Select both cells
  • Drag fill handle to continue pattern
• Custom lists can be defined using:
  Tools → Options → OpenOffice Calc → Sort Lists

Formatting Data

• Formatting a document means adding style and presentation to improve readability and make it attractive.
• Formatting options are available in the Formatting Bar and Format Menu such as alignment, font, size, and style.
• Number formats like percentage and decimals are also available.

Numbers as Text

• Calc identifies entries as Value or Label.
• Alphanumeric entries are treated as labels and cannot be used in calculations.
• To treat numbers as text (e.g., phone numbers, Aadhaar, ZIP codes), add a single quotation mark (‘) before the number.

Font

• Font is the design of characters including typeface, size, and spacing.
• Font can be changed using the Formatting Bar.
• Font Name: Select font types like Arial, Arimo, etc. from dropdown.
• Font Size: Choose size from dropdown.
• Font Style: Apply Bold, Italic, Underline.

Horizontal Alignment

• Left Align → Text aligned to left border
• Center Align → Equal spacing from both sides
• Right Align → Text aligned to right border
• Justify → Text aligned to both left and right borders

Changing Color

• Steps to change background color:
  1. Select cells
  2. Click Background Color icon
  3. Choose color
• Steps to change text color:
  1. Select text/cells
  2. Click Text Color icon
  3. Choose color

Gridlines and Borders

• Gridlines help organize data (not printed by default).
• Borders highlight important data and are printed.
• Use Border icon to apply borders to selected cells.

Flow of Text

• Merge/Split Cells
  • Merge multiple cells into one
  • Split to revert
• Wrap Text
  • Breaks text into multiple lines within the same cell
  • Steps: Right-click → Format Cells → Alignment → Wrap text automatically
• Shrink to Fit
  • Reduces text size to fit cell without changing row/column size
  • Steps: Right-click → Format Cells → Alignment → Shrink to fit cell size

Numeric Data Formatting

• Currency
  • Adds currency symbol (₹), commas, and 2 decimal places
• Percent
  • Displays number as percentage with % symbol
• Standard
  • Removes formatting and shows default number
• Decimals
  • Add/remove decimal places
  • Can also set leading zeros
• Date
  • Default format: dd/mm/yy
  • Can be changed from Format Cells

Finding and Replacing Data

• Use Find Toolbar to search data.
• Steps to Find & Replace:
  1. Go to Edit → Find & Replace
  2. Enter text in “Search for”
  3. Enter replacement text in “Replace with”
  4. Use Find, Replace, Find All, or Replace All
• Match Case
  • Differentiates uppercase and lowercase
• Entire Cells
  • Searches exact word match only

Deleting

• Delete Data
  • Double-click cell → Backspace (partial delete)
  • Single-click cell → Backspace (delete all content only)
• Delete Data and Formatting
  • Press Delete key
  • Use dialog box → select “Delete All”
• Delete Cells
  • Select cells → Right-click → Delete
  • Choose shift (left/up) or delete entire row/column

Inserting/Deleting Rows and Columns

• Select row/column → Right-click → Insert/Delete
• Menu also allows adjusting height and width
• Can also use Insert Menu from Menu Bar to add rows/columns

Using Formulas and Functions

• Formulas are used to perform calculations such as addition, subtraction, averaging, and more complex operations.
• A major advantage of formulas is that when data changes, Calc automatically recalculates the result.
• Formulas can also be copied easily to multiple cells.
• Example: Adding two numbers (4 + 5) in cell D6
  • Step 1: Type = in cell D6
  • Step 2: Type 4+5
  • Step 3: Press Enter → Result = 9
  • The formula (=4+5) is visible in the Input line
• Instead of numbers, we can also use cell references to perform calculations.

Cell Reference (Cell Address)

• Identifies the location of a cell in a worksheet
• Format: Column letter + Row number (e.g., A1)

Types of Cell References

• Individual Cell Reference
  • Example: A1 (Column A, Row 1)
• Range of Cells
  • Uses colon (:)
  • D1:D5 → Cells from D1 to D5
  • A5:E5 → Cells from A5 to E5
  • A1:B2 → Block of cells (A1, A2, B1, B2)

Ways to Enter Cell Reference

• By typing using keyboard
• By clicking cells using mouse
• Steps to insert cell reference using mouse
  • Double-click the cell where formula is to be entered
  • Type =
  • Click the required cell → its reference appears automatically
• Example: Adding values of D4 and D5 into D6
  • Step 1: Enter values in D4 and D5
  • Step 2: Double-click D6 and type =
  • Step 3: Click D4 (or type D4)
  • Step 4: Type +
  • Step 5: Click D5 (or type D5)
  • Final Formula: =D4+D5
  • Press Enter → Result appears in D6
  • If values in D4 or D5 change, the result in D6 updates automatically

Functions

• Functions are predefined formulas in Calc.
• In formulas, we provide operands and operators, but in functions we only provide arguments.
• Functions always start with = and arguments are written inside parentheses separated by commas.
• Examples of SUM function
  • =SUM(3,4) → Adds 3 and 4
  • =SUM(A3,A4) → Adds values of A3 and A4
  • =SUM(3,4,A3,A4) → Adds all values
• Common Functions
  • PRODUCT(n1; n2…) → Multiply numbers
  • SQRT(n) → Square root
  • POWER(n; p) → n raised to power p
  • LOG(n; b) → Log of n to base b
  • ROUND(n; d) → Round number
  • SIN(n), COS(n), TAN(n) → Trigonometric values
  • RANDBETWEEN(f; l) → Random number between f and l
  • QUOTIENT(a; b) → Integer division
  • ABS(n) → Absolute value
  • AVERAGE(n1; n2…) → Average of numbers
• Using Range in Functions
  • Example: =SUM(A1:A5) → Adds values from A1 to A5

Absolute and Relative Addressing

• Relative Addressing
  • Default addressing method
  • Changes automatically when copied
  • Example:
    • A4 contains =A3
    • Copy to B4 → becomes =B3
• Example with Formula Copy
  • A6 contains =SUM(A1:A5)
  • Copy to B6 → becomes =SUM(B1:B5)
• Absolute Addressing
  • Address remains fixed when copied
  • Uses $ symbol
  • Example:
    • A4 contains =$A$3
    • Copy to B4 → remains =$A$3
• Mixed Addressing
  • Combination of relative and absolute
  • Example: $A3, B$5, $A1+B$1
  • Example:
    • A4 contains =A3+$B$3
    • Copy to B4 → becomes =B3+$B$3

Sorting and Filtering Data

Sorting

• Arranges data in ascending or descending order
• Available in Standard Toolbar and Data menu
• Steps (Toolbar Method)
• Select cells
• Click Sort Ascending / Descending
• Steps (Data Menu Method)
• Select cells
• Go to Data → Sort
• Choose column and order
• Click OK

Sorting using Multiple Columns

• Can apply up to 3 conditions
• Example:
• Sort by Price (Ascending)
• Then by Quantity (Descending)
• Then by Code (Ascending)
• Other Options
• Case Sensitive sorting
• Row-wise or column-wise sorting

Filtering Data

• Filtering shows data based on conditions
• Types of Filters
  1. AutoFilter
  2. Standard Filter
  3. Advanced Filter
• AutoFilter
  • Adds dropdown list on top row
  • Steps:
    1. Select data
    2. Data → Filter → AutoFilter
    3. Use dropdown to select values
  • Can apply multiple filters (e.g., Gender = Female AND Marks = 98)
• Standard Filter
  • Allows multiple conditions using AND / OR
  • AND Operator
    • All conditions must be true
    • Example: Gender = Male AND Marks > 75
  • OR Operator
    • Any one condition must be true
    • Example: Gender = Female OR Marks > 75
  • AND + OR Combination
    • Example:
      • Female AND Name starts with “S”
      • OR Male AND Name starts with “G”

• Removing Filter
  • Select data
  • Go to Data → Filter → Remove Filter

Creating Charts and Graphs

• Charts and graphs help represent data visually.
• Useful for analyzing large amounts of data easily.
• Example: Student performance over years.

Types of Charts in Calc:

• Column Chart (vertical comparison)
• Bar Chart (horizontal comparison)
• Pie Chart (parts of a whole)
• Line Chart (trends over time)
• Scatter Chart (relationship between variables)

Steps to Create Chart:

1. Select data.
2. Go to Insert → Chart or click Chart icon.
3. Chart Wizard opens.
4. Select chart type.
5. Click Finish.

Chart Features:

• Title & Subtitle
• X-axis and Y-axis labels
• Legends (data explanation)
• Gridlines (better readability)

Other Operations:

• Move chart → Drag it
• Resize → Use corner handles
• Delete → Press Delete key
• Modify → Double-click → Right-click options

Macros

• A macro records actions and replays them automatically.
• Saves time for repeated tasks.

Steps to Create Macro:

1. Tools → Macros → Record Macro
2. Perform actions
3. Click Stop Recording
4. Save macro with name

Run Macro:

1. Tools → Macros → Run Macros
2. Select macro
3. Click Run

Delete Macro:

1. Tools → Macros → Organize Macros
2. Select macro
3. Click Delete

Printing Spreadsheets

• Used to print spreadsheet data.

Steps to Print:

1. Go to File → Print
2. Select options
3. Click Print

Printing Options:

• Print All Sheets / Selected Sheets / Selected Cells
• Print All Pages or Specific Pages
• Set Number of Copies

Open Office Impress

Introduction to Open Office Impress

• Presentation software is used to create presentations for a large audience.
• It allows adding:
  • Text
  • Sound
  • Images
  • Videos
  • Tables
• OpenOffice Impress is a free and open-source presentation software.
• It can be installed on:
  • Windows
  • Linux
• Used to create professional presentations.

Start OpenOffice Impress

• Start using any of the following:
  • Start → Programs → OpenOffice → Presentation
  • Double-click OpenOffice icon on desktop

OpenOffice Screen and its Components

• Tabs: (File, Edit, View, Insert, etc.) contain commands
• Status Bar: Shows slide number, total slides, zoom
• Scroll Bar: Helps move slide content (horizontal & vertical)
• Work Area: Area to create and edit slides

View Options:

• Normal (main view)
• Outline (text structure)
• Notes (speaker notes)
• Handout (multiple slides per page)
• Slide Sorter (rearrange slides)
• Slide Pane: Shows thumbnails of all slides

Impress Tabs

Tabs include:

• File
• Edit
• View
• Insert
• Format
• Tools
• Slide Show
• Window
• Help

Functions of Tabs:

• File → Manage presentation (open, save)
• Edit → Edit content (cut, paste)
• View → Change display
• Insert → Add elements
• Format → Design slides
• Tools → Utilities (spell check)
• Slide Show → Presentation settings
• Window → Manage windows

File Tab

• Used for file operations

Main Functions:

• New: Create new presentation
• Save As:
  • Save first time
  • Save with new name
• Print: Print slides
• File Extension: .odp

Edit Tab

• Used for editing slides

Functions:

• Cut
• Copy
• Paste
• Find & Replace
• Undo / Redo

Operations:

• Move text → Cut + Paste
• Copy text → Copy + Paste
• Replace words → Find & Replace

View Tab

• Used to control slide display

Views:

• Normal → Main editing view
• Outline → Text outline
• Slide Sorter → All slides view
• Slide Show → Presentation mode
• Notes Page → Add notes
• Handout Page → Print layout

Other Features:

• Slide Master → Apply design to all slides
• Header & Footer → Add details

Insert Tab

• Used to insert elements

Options:

• Insert Slide
• Page Number, Date, Time
• Pictures, Sound
• Hyperlink

Important:

• Elements insert at cursor position

Format Tab

• Used to format slides

Options:

• Character → Font, size, style
• Paragraph → Alignment, spacing
• Line → Style, width, color
• Slide Layout → Choose layout

Tools Tab

• Used for additional features

Main Function:

• Spelling Check

Slide Show Tab

• Used during presentation

Options:

• Slide Show Settings
• Custom Animation
• Slide Transition

Difference:

• Animation → Effects within a slide
• Transition → Effect between slides

Window Tab

• Manage windows

Functions:

• Open new window
• Close window
• View open presentations

Help Tab

• Provides help and guidance
• Used to search commands and features